Animal Medicine: Coagulation Test And 4 Anticoagulants

release time:2022-01-13 17:19:00

Coagulation test

Coagulation refers to the ability of the body system to maintain the integrity of blood and blood vessels and is a complex interaction between the vessel wall, platelets and coagulation factors.

1. Coagulation disorders

The most common inherited coagulation disorder is vascular hemophilia. Other coagulation disorders are caused by decreased production or increased destruction of platelets, malnutrition, liver disease and ingestion of certain drugs or toxic substances.

2. Evaluation of coagulation and hemostasis

The coagulation test is the primary test to assess the mechanism of hemostasis. All diseased animals should be evaluated for coagulation defects prior to surgery.

3. Platelet count and evaluation

Platelet count is part of all coagulation tests and part of the blood smear to examine platelet morphology and agglutination.

4. Buccal mucosal bleeding time

Animal Medicine Coagulation Test And 4 Anticoagulants

This test detects abnormalities in platelet function.

Anticoagulants commonly used in biochemical tests

The application of physical or chemical methods to remove or inhibit certain clotting factors in the blood to prevent blood clotting is called anticoagulation. The chemical agent that prevents blood clotting is called an anticoagulant. The general requirements for anticoagulants are low dosage, high solubility, and no interference with the assay.

The following anticoagulants are commonly used in biochemical tests

1. Heparin

Heparin is a mucopolysaccharide containing sulfate groups. Its anticoagulation mechanism is mainly on the formation and activity of antithrombin and thrombin, to prevent platelet aggregation. Heparin anticoagulation is indicated for erythrocyte fragility tests, blood gas analysis, hematocrit tests, hematocrit and general biochemical assays. However, it is not suitable for performing hemagglutination tests and white blood cell counts. The use of 1.0g/L heparin solution 0.5ml can anticoagulate 5ml of blood. The anticoagulation concentration of heparin is 20~30U/ml whole blood.

2. Potassium oxalate-sodium fluoride

Potassium oxalate can generate calcium oxalate precipitation with calcium ions in blood, thus preventing blood clotting. Potassium oxalate has high solubility and strong anticoagulant effect. Fluoride ion can bind calcium and anticoagulate, but the anticoagulant effect is weak. Fluoride ion can inhibit enolase in glycolysis and prevent glycolysis. Without the addition of sodium fluoride, the glucose content of the blood specimen will be degraded at a rate of 6% per hour. In contrast, in the presence of sodium fluoride, the glucose concentration is stable for 24 hours at 25°C and 48 hours at 4°C. Therefore, potassium oxalate-sodium fluoride is a common anticoagulant for blood glucose determination specimens.

3. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA)

EDTA and its salt is an amino polycarboxylic acid, which can effectively chelate the calcium ions in blood specimens. Chelation of calcium or removal of calcium from the reaction site will block and terminate the endogenous or exogenous coagulation process, thus preventing blood specimens from coagulating. It is indicated for general hematology testing. Not suitable for coagulation test and platelet function test, also not suitable for calcium ion, potassium ion, sodium ion, iron ion, alkaline phosphatase, creatine kinase and leucine peptidase determination and PCR test. anticoagulation concentration of EDTA is 3.4~4.8 mmol/L whole blood.

4.Sodium citrate

Sodium citrate can form complexes with calcium ions in blood, thus preventing blood clotting. The commonly used concentration is 109mmol/L or 32.06g/L.

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